While genetics play a role in Parkinson’s disease, it is likely that environmental factors play a more important role in the majority of cases.
Common forms of Parkinson’s disease such as the sporadic type, without a family history, are probably the result of a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors.
Parkinson’s disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders in the world and India. Age is the highest risk factor for Parkinson’s disease, usually seen after the age of 60, and the prevalence of PD is increasing as the life expectancy of the population increases. The common type of Parkinson’s disease that occurs sporadically, without a family history, is likely the result of a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors.
Certain mutations in genes like GBA, UCHL1 etc that can increase the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease. “While about 15% of PDs are familial PDs where definite genetic mutations like LRRK2, PARK7, PINK1, PRKN or SNCA genes etc. have been identified and the onset of PD is mostly in young age group. Pathology of PD The hallmark of AD is loss of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta (located in the midbrain) with the presence of Lewy bodies (abnormal deposits of protein) in cells in the brainstem,” Dr. says Guruprasad H, Senior Consultant. Neurologist, Manipal Hospital Yeshwanthpur.
Parkinson’s disease is a complex disorder caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. While specific genetic mutations have been identified in rare cases of Parkinson’s disease, most cases are thought to be caused by a combination of genetic susceptibility and exposure to environmental toxins.
“Exposure to environmental toxins such as pesticides, herbicides, and heavy metals such as lead and mercury has been shown to increase the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease. In addition, head injuries, viral infections, and inflammation of brain cells and Other damaging factors may also contribute to the development of Parkinson’s disease,” says Dr Lakshmi Lavanya, senior neurologist at Kamineni Hospital, Hyderabad.
While genetics play a role in Parkinson’s disease, it is likely that environmental factors play a more important role in the majority of cases.
“Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, accumulation of misfolded proteins, especially mutations or alterations of genes involved in the pathways causing alpha-synuclein can lead to Parkinson’s disease. Other factors including programmed cell death of affected neurons lead to the progressive clinical onset of PD.” Features such as slowness, stiffness, tremors and can cause non-motor symptoms such as constipation, depression, sleep problems, etc.,” says Dr Guruprasad H.
There are steps you can take to potentially reduce your risk. “Regular exercise, a healthy diet, avoiding pesticides and toxins, protecting your head, getting enough sleep, managing stress, and staying mentally active are all possible ways to reduce your risk of Parkinson’s disease. Remember this It’s important to keep in mind that Parkinson’s disease can affect anyone, but taking these steps can potentially lower your risk and improve your overall health,” concludes Dr. Lavanya.
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