(Well)
As a science journalist, I’ve read dozens of research papers about COVID-19, and I’ve interviewed so many virologists, infectious disease physicians, and immunologists over the past two years that I’ve lost count. But nothing prepared me for what happened after my 7 year old daughter tested positive COVID-19 about two weeks ago.
It started the way you might expect: On a Sunday evening, my daughter developed a fever. The next morning, we received an email saying she had been in touch with coronavirus At school on Friday. I got his rapid antigen test done, which soon came out positive. I resigned myself to the possibility that the whole family was, after all, about to get COVID-19.
But we didn’t – not at all. I, for one, never evolved symptoms or test positiveThe day my daughter first tested positive, my 11-year-old son announced he was not feeling well and began to develop a classic coronavirus Symptoms: Headache, fatigue, sore throat, runny nose. My husband followed two days later with a sore throat and stuffy nose. Yet despite daily testing for seven days straight, my husband and son never tested positive for COVID-19 – including a PCR test on the fifth day of my son’s symptoms and my husband’s test on the third day. (And yes, we did some throat swabs, too.)
We scoured our brains to see what could have happened: Did my husband and son get COVID even though they never tested positive? Or did they have another virus that caused similar symptoms and infect them right after being exposed to COVID-19? (Our pediatrician said it was unlikely.) Why didn’t I get sick at all? I called specialists in immunology, microbiology and virology for their take.
Vaccination changes how your body reacts to the virus.
One of the first questions experts asked me was whether I had a family vaccinationYes, I said: My husband and I have been vaccinated and boosted, and our kids have been vaccinated but not boosted yet. It’s a pertinent question, because if you’re exposed to the virus that causes COVID-19, Gigi Gronwall, an immunologist at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Protection, says, “If you’re vaccinated, your immune system is very strong. Works fast.” in Baltimore. And this rapid response changes everything about what happens next.
First, the rapid immune response slows down the rate of viral reproduction and spread. “That’s what vaccines are for — to educate your immune system so they can jump on invaders before they get out of control,” Gronwall said. Juliette Morrison said that because the virus does not spread rapidly among vaccinated people, because of their immune systems, they may be less likely to test positive for COVID-19 after being exposed to the coronavirus. . Keeps the viral load below detectable levels.” Microbiologist at the University of California, Riverside.
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Again, it’s possible that my husband and son caught COVID-19 but were vaccinated Defence system Cleared the infection so well they never had enough viral protein in their nose or throat to test positive. And their negative tests probably meant they were never contagious, Morrison said.
Still, my husband and son followed guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which say that if you’ve been vaccinated, you’ve been exposed to COVID-19 and developed symptoms, but the test is negative, you should wear Should continue a mask around the others. for 10 days. In fact, people who had symptoms at home stayed out of public for seven days. I did some errands, but when I did, I wore an N95 or KF94 mask if I was incubating one infection,
To reduce the spread among family members, we opened windows, ate outside and wore masks around each other when I remembered – but I’ll be honest and admit that after several days our precautions were eased , especially when my husband and son developed symptoms. , ,
You can still feel sick when the virus is under control.
If my husband and son never tested positive, why did they feel sick? Experts tell me that even if a vaccinated person doesn’t have much of the virus, they can still have powerful symptoms of covid. This is because many symptoms of disease – Fever, malaise, runny nose, fatigue – are actually caused by the immune system’s response to the virus, not the virus itself, Gronwall said.
And about why I felt better, Morrison said that maybe my immune system fought off the oncoming virus so quickly that I didn’t even have a chance to feel sick.
“It sounds to me like you were definitely exposed,” Morrison told me. But, she explained, maybe I had a higher level of vaccines. Antibodies Or immune cells called T cells, which were able to kill the invading virus before it had a chance to alert the parts of my immune system that would provoke symptoms.
All this said, no one really knows what happened to me, my son or my husband.
When it comes to understanding how COVID-19 affects the body, “there are a lot of open questions,” said Raul Andino, a virologist at the University of California, San Francisco, and people are different for many different reasons. . There may be different experiences. For example, Andino said, it’s possible the virus was replicating in parts of my husband’s or my son’s body that the tests didn’t reach. Research suggests that the coronavirus can replicate in the pancreas, heart, brain, kidneys and other organs, although vaccination may reduce the chances of the virus spreading outside. respiratory system,
My family is not the only one who has had the strange experience of developing symptoms of coronavirus but have repeatedly tested negative. Andino said he and his colleagues are conducting studies in which they follow up and conduct repeated tests throughout the household after one person in the household tested positive for COVID-19.
“What we see is exactly what you described – that some people in the household don’t test positive,” even though they have symptoms, he said. When I asked my Instagram followers if they would feel like my family, I received dozens of “yes” answers and stories that sounded like ours.
Most people with COVID-19 exposure and symptoms will eventually test positive.
The experts I spoke to also made a really important point: There’s a difference between not testing positive and not testing positive. My husband and son continued to test themselves for a week after they developed symptoms, so my sources said it was unlikely they were ever going to test positive. But many people do the test only for a few days and, badYou cannot draw a clear conclusion from just a few negative tests.
As I said earlier, when people are vaccinated against COVID-19, their immune system quickly sets up to fight it, and they often develop symptoms first. unvaccinated People do – a few days before they can test positive. So when people are tested only days after they develop symptoms, their negative results don’t mean they don’t have COVID-19. Yet some people at that point assume they do not have coronavirus and stop taking precautions.
“They can rest Mitigation measures when they are still shedding considerable virus,” Gronwall said.
Given these findings, Gronwall said that, ideally, people who have taken two or three doses of the vaccine should be tested after they develop symptoms, but not four or three after symptoms. Continuing testing on the fifth day, as tests that come negative before this can be false reassurances. However, to do this, you must have access to a lot of tests. Thankfully, you can now get a third round of free COVID-19 testing through the US government, and there may be free testing sites near you, too.
As far as our family is concerned, all have made a full recovery now. what’s the secret Known Our house is eating me up, but it’s more than my relief that we felt so much lighter – and for that, we have our COVID-19 vaccines to thank.
This article originally appeared in The New York Times.
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