As the clouds gather and rain drops fall, heralding the arrival of the monsoon season, many infectious diseases make their presence felt, posing significant health challenges to communities around the world. With favorable conditions for propagation of pathogens and spread of infection, the monsoon season calls for increased awareness and proactive measures to safeguard public health.
During the monsoon season, the risk of various infections and diseases increases due to the humid and wet environment which promotes the growth of microorganisms. Monsoon season poses several health risks due to increased humidity and spread of infectious agents.
During this time it is essential to follow preventive measures such as maintaining personal hygiene, eliminating stagnant water, using mosquito repellents and practicing food safety to reduce the risk of infections and diseases.
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Dr. Mukesh Mehra, Director – Internal Medicine, Max Super Specialty Hospital, Patparganj, explained six common infections/diseases during monsoon along with their causes and preventive measures.
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1. Respiratory Infections
Respiratory diseases like cold, cough and flu are more prevalent during monsoon due to increased humidity and spread of viral infections. These infections are spread through droplets in the air or through direct contact. Preventive measures include maintaining good personal hygiene, covering the mouth when coughing or sneezing, and avoiding close contact with infected persons.
2. Gastrointestinal Infections
Water-borne and food-borne infections such as diarrhoea, jaundice, typhoid and cholera are common during the monsoon. Contaminated water and unhygienic food practices are the primary reasons. Preventive measures include drinking clean and boiled water, avoiding street food, washing hands frequently and maintaining proper hygiene while preparing and eating food
3. Dengue fever
Dengue is a viral infection spread by the Aedes mosquito. Stagnant water acts as a breeding ground for mosquitoes. Symptoms include high fever, severe headache, joint and muscle pain, and rash. Preventive measures include eliminating standing water, using mosquito nets, wearing long-sleeved clothing, and applying mosquito repellent.
4. Malaria
Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium parasite which is transmitted through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Symptoms include fever, chills, headache and fatigue. Preventive measures include using mosquito nets, wearing protective clothing, using insect repellents, and cleaning stagnant water.
5. Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection caused by Leptospira bacteria present in contaminated water or soil. Symptoms include high fever, severe headache, muscle pain, and jaundice. Preventive measures include avoiding contact with contaminated water, wearing protective clothing, and maintaining good hygiene.
6. Fungal Infection
Fungal infections such as athlete’s foot and ringworm thrive in moist environments. The increased humidity during monsoon provides an ideal breeding ground for the fungus. Preventive measures include keeping the body clean and dry, wearing clean and dry clothing, and avoiding walking barefoot in moist areas.