New Delhi: After expert panel of Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) recommended The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare on Tuesday gave final approval for grant of Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) to Serum Institute of India’s (SII) COVID-19 vaccine Covovax and Biological E’s vaccine Corbevax, subject to certain conditions.
Union Health Minister Mansukh Mandaviya announced on Twitter: “Further strengthening the fight against COVID-19, CDSCO and Ministry of Health & Family Welfare have given 3 approvals in a single day.”
congratulations india
To further strengthen the fight against COVID-19, CDSCO, @MoHFW_INDIA Has given 3 approvals in a single day for:
– CORBEVAX Vaccine
– Kovovax Vaccine
Anti-viral drug molanupiravirFor restricted use in an emergency. (1/5)
— Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya (@mansukhmandviya) December 28, 2021
While CORBEVAX is an RBD protein subunit vaccine, SII’s Covovax is a nanoparticle-based vaccine. It will be manufactured by transfer of technology from Novavax. Covovax has been approved by the European Medicines Agency for conditional marketing authorization, and an emergency use list granted by the World Health Organization.
What is a nanoparticle-based vaccine?
A nanoparticle-based vaccine is one in which the receptor-binding domain (RBD), which is part of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, binds to a protein designed to form nanometer-sized protein particles, or nanoparticles . According to a study by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), which was published in the journal, nature, SARS-CoV-2 attaches itself to cells using spike proteins.
According to a study published by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), NIH, these nanoparticles can be composed of lipids, metals and non-metals inorganic, many polymers and virus-like particles, which have been tested for research. Virus-like-particles (VLPs) are self-assembling nanoparticles that lack infectious nucleic acids.
How does a nanoparticle-based vaccine work?
Nanoparticles help improve vaccine efficacy by targeting desired antigen-presenting cells to improve vaccination strategies. They protect antigens (foreign particles) from initial proteolytic degradation (degradation of proteins by hydrolytic enzymes), control antigen release, and facilitate antigen uptake.
Current vaccines cause cells in the body to produce a version of the spike protein to elicit an immune response. Placing multiple copies of RBD on nanoparticles enhances the immune response, recent studies have found. NIH researchers tested nanoparticle-based vaccines in monkeys and found that most monkeys had no virus in their lower respiratory tract two days after exposure.
According to an article from the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, US, nanoparticle-based vaccines contain a strand of genetic code that provides instructions for manufacturing a version of the spike protein. Host cells manufacture proteins when they see the genetic code.
The immune system starts producing antibodies against the proteins, which help the immune system fight the coronavirus. The body makes an army of antibodies, which can fight off a COVID-19 infection before it causes disease.
Since mRNA itself is very delicate, it will be degraded in the body if it is injected as just one strand. Therefore, the genetic material is protected with nanoparticles, which preserve the mRNA enough to be carried into the body’s cells so that they can start making proteins.
According to an article published in the journal Elsevier, the use of nanoparticles in vaccine formulations not only improves antigen stability and immunogenicity, but also leads to targeted delivery and slow release.
The Covovax vaccine, which is based on Novavax, will work by teaching the immune system to make antibodies to the spike protein on SARS-CoV-2.
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