Last Update: January 26, 2023, 11:03 AM IST
Advanced preoperative templating, restoration of mechanical alignment, precision of bone excision, robust safety systems, and dynamic gap balancing are some of the potential advantages of robotic arm assisted total knee arthroplasty (RTKA).
Robotic surgery is the practice of performing a wide range of surgical procedures using programmable equipment. Dr. Samarth Arya, Consultant Orthopaedics, Joint Replacement & Robotic Surgery, Sparsh Hospital, Bengaluru discussed the huge advancements in this field.
“Robot” is derived from the Polish word “robota”, meaning forced labor. Machine – Multiple functions automatically or with minimum external impulse and programmable. There have been vast improvements in robotics in total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
Uni-compartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is suitable for patients with single-compartment osteoarthritis (OA) in the absence of gross deformity or ligamentous deficiency. In both uni-compartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA), there is precision of bone preparation and component alignment, reducing outliers and increasing the percentage of components aligned within 2° or 3° of the intended target. .
A varus or valgus malalignment greater than 3° in the coronal plane leads to an uneven distribution of loads through the prosthesis, creating a risk of first radiographic lysis and subsequent aseptic loosening. Robotic systems were therefore developed to increase accuracy in implant sizing, component positioning, and bone preparation to reduce the risk of outliers and improve clinical outcomes and long-term survival.
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Robotic Design:
- active:
act independently of the surgeon - Inactive:
Full continuous and direct surgeon control - Semi-active:
Requires surgeon involvement but provides feedback
profit:
- Accuracy
- minimal trauma
- high security
- Enhanced stability and pristine accuracy
- faster recovery and less rehab
- FLEXIBILITY
- Self-confidence
- surgeon controlled not yet surgeon dependent
- advanced equipment
- clinically proven
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Limitations:
- Long term outcome studies are not available.
- Concerns regarding cost effectiveness.
“Failing to adopt new technologies would mean denying patients meaningful technological advances
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