New Delhi: According to a new study, during the 2020 nationwide lockdown imposed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, nine out of 10 women in India had less food, affecting their nutritional levels.
Researchers from the Tata-Cornell Institute for Agriculture and Nutrition analyzed surveys of food expenditure, dietary diversity and other nutrition indicators at the national, state and district levels in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Odisha.
Nearly 90 percent of survey respondents reported having less food, while 95 percent said they consumed fewer types of food.
Most importantly, this decline was due to a reduction in consumption of foods such as meat, eggs, vegetables and fruits, which are rich in micronutrients that are important for good health and growth.
The study, published in the journal Economia Política, indicated a decline in household food expenditure and dietary diversity of women in May 2020 compared to May 2019.
“Even before the pandemic, women’s diets lacked diverse foods, but COVID-19 has exacerbated the situation,” said Soumya Gupta, a research economist at TCI.
“Any policy addressing the pandemic’s impact on nutrients must do so through the lens of a gender that reflects the specific, and often persistent, vulnerabilities faced by women,” she said.
The national lockdown was in force from March 24 to May 30, 2020, to slow the spread of COVID.
Later disruptions in agricultural supply chains led to price fluctuations in less developed districts, especially for non-staple food items.
The survey also suggests a reduction in the quantity and quality of nutritious foods consumed by women during the pandemic. For example, some women said that during the lockdown they halved the amount of lentils, or red lentils, that they prepared, or that they prepared thin lentils.
The closure of India’s anganwadi centers during the lockdown also placed a disproportionate burden on women, affecting 72 per cent of households, the researchers said.
Centers providing take-home rations and hot cooked meals to nursing and pregnant mothers are an important source of nutrition for women and children.
“Due to the spreading effects of maternal malnutrition, this risk not only to the productivity and well-being of women, but also to their children,” Gupta said.
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