New York: Researchers have found that sugars in breast milk may help prevent Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection in human cells and tissues as well as in mice.
GBS bacteria are a common cause of blood infections, meningitis and stillbirth in newborns. Although GBS infection can often be treated or prevented with antibiotics, the bacteria are becoming increasingly resistant.
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), or tiny strings of sugar molecules abundant in breast milk, may be able to replace antibiotics for treating infections in infants and adults, said researchers from Vanderbilt University in the US.
“Our laboratory has previously shown that a mixture of HMOs isolated from the milk of several different donor mothers has anti-microbial and anti-biofilm activity against GBS,” said University graduate student Rebecca Moore.
“We wanted to jump from in-vitro studies to see if HMOs can prevent infection in cells and tissues from pregnant female and mice.”
Researchers studied the effects of combined HMOs from multiple mothers on GBS infection of placental immune cells (called macrophages) and the gestational membrane (the sac surrounding the embryo).
“We found that HMOs were able to completely inhibit bacterial growth in both macrophages and membranes, so we very quickly started looking at mouse models,” Moore said.
They investigated whether HMOs could prevent the spread of GBS infection through the reproductive tract of pregnant mice. “In five different parts of the reproductive tract, we saw a significant reduction in GBS infection with HMO treatment,” Moore said.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 2,000 children in the US get GBS each year, and 4-6 percent of them die from it. The bacteria are often transferred from mother to child during labor and delivery.
An expectant mother who tests positive for GBS is usually given intravenous antibiotics during delivery to help prevent early infection that occurs during the first week of life. Interestingly, the incidence of late-onset infections (which occur from one week to three months after birth) is higher compared to breastfed infants, which suggests that factors in breast milk may protect against GBS. can help.
If so, the sugars could probably replace antibiotics, which, in addition to killing off beneficial bacteria, are becoming less effective due to increased antibiotic resistance, the researchers said.
The findings will be presented at the upcoming fall meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS).
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