A Complete Guide on Hernias and Its Variants

A patient is said to have a hernia when an internal part of the body pushes through a weakness/defect in the abdominal muscles.

A hernia usually develops between the chest and hips. It usually causes no or very few symptoms. The lump may be pushed back or disappear when the patient lies down. The lump may become visible when coughing or straining.

Type

1. inguinal hernia: An inguinal hernia occurs when fatty tissue or a portion of the bowel protrudes through the groin. It can be seen on one side or both sides. It is the most common type of hernia and it mainly affects males. It can be seen in all ages.
2. Femoral hernias: A femoral hernia also occurs when fatty tissue or part of your intestine bulges through the groin — the inner side of the thigh. Less common than inguinal hernias and affects women more.
3. Umbilical hernia: An umbilical hernia occurs when fatty tissue or part of your bowel bulges out through the belly button. In babies, if the opening in the abdomen through which the umbilical cord passes does not close properly after birth. Causes of frequent stretching of the abdomen in adults – pregnancy and obesity.

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other types

1. Incisional hernias the lump develops through a previous surgical scar
2. epigastric hernias Where fatty tissue pierces the middle of the navel and the lower part of your sternum.
3. diaphragmatic hernias – where your abdominal organs pass into your chest through an opening in the diaphragm – develop after an injury; It can also affect babies if their diaphragm has not developed properly in the womb.
4. hiatal herniasOccurs when part of the stomach squeezes through an opening in the diaphragm and pushes into the chest next to the esophagus, usually seen in adults and the elderly. causes heartburn and vomiting.. surgery is usually laparoscopic fundoplication
5. muscle hernias – where part of the muscle hits the tissue; They usually occur in the leg muscles as a result of a sports injury.

assessment

The doctor will identify the hernia by examining the affected area. The patient is referred for an ultrasound scan to confirm and assess the extent of the problem. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, the surgeon will determine if surgery is necessary to repair the hernia.

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For any symptomatic hernia, at any age, the only option is surgery, which is performed as a day care procedure. The benefits and risks of the procedure are discussed in detail before the operation.

Factors considered when deciding whether surgery is appropriate include:

type of hernia – some types of hernia are more likely to strangulate or cause bowel obstruction than the contents of your hernia – there may be a risk of strangulation if the hernia contains a part of your bowel, bladder or bladder surgery may be recommended if your symptoms are severe or getting worse, or if the hernia is affecting your ability to carry out normal activities, emergency admission if you have a hernia and any of the following symptoms: Anyone develops:

• Sudden sharp pain in the abdomen and hernia site
• Difficulty passing stool or wind. frequent vomiting
• hernia becomes hard and painful

These symptoms may mean that either:

a piece of intestine has entered the hernia and become blocked (obstruction)

The blood supply to a part of the organ or tissue trapped in the hernia has been cut off (strangulation)

These are surgical emergencies and need to be operated on immediately.

Surgery: All adult hernia repairs usually involve the placement of non-absorbable mesh.

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Technique:

• open surgery – where an incision is made to push the lump back into the abdomen
• laparoscopy – this is a less invasive, but more difficult, procedure performed by experienced surgeons

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